La “neuropatia” è una malattia dei nervi periferici che, a seconda delle fibre colpite, può provocare un rallentamento del passaggio degli impulsi elettrici e, di conseguenza, la perdita di sensibilità.
La neuropatia sensitivo-motoria è una complicanza abbastanza frequente del diabete, la cui gravità può variare da disturbi lievi a danni molto gravi.
Tali complicanze possono essere fortunatamente limitate dalle terapie, a patto che la diagnosi sia tempestiva.
È quindi importante che ne riconosciate i primi sintomi!
La neuropatia sensitivo–motoria si manifesta inizialmente con disturbi a carico degli arti – soprattutto inferiori -, come formicolio, intorpidimento (la sensazione più comunemente riportata è quella di avere le gambe ingessate), a volte anche bruciore e dolori che peggiorano di notte.
La mancanza di sensibilità – che è il sintomo più ricorrente – può far sì che una persona cammini per ore con scarpe scomode o al loro interno un corpo estraneo e magari ferirsi, senza accusare dolore, fino alla formazione di ulcere.
Generalmente è il vostro medico curante, una volta valutati i sintomi, a indirizzarvi verso gli esami diagnostici più adatti a valutare se sia in atto o meno una neuropatia.
Per valutare i sintomi, molti medici utilizzano questionari con domande che permettono una diagnosi a punteggio, un sistema semplice e standardizzato in grado di classificare anche i pazienti a rischio.
Il secondo passaggio è in genere un esame neurologico in grado di valutare la sensibilità e i riflessi, che suggeriamo sempre di effettuare al momento della diagnosi e annualmente, al fine di avere sempre la situazione sotto controllo.
Durante la visita neurologica sarete sottoposti a metodi diagnostici abbastanza semplici come lo studio sui riflessi e la sensibilità termica o dolorifica:
La presenza di neuropatia diabetica può essere rilevata anche attraverso:
Ultimo consiglio – ma non meno importante! – occorre sottoporsi a pedicure regolarmente, per evitare la comparsa di situazioni sgradevoli e dolorose di difficile gestione.
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