L’ipoglicemia consiste in un rapido abbassamento dei livelli di glucosio nel sangue, che si attesta al di sotto della soglia di normalità (70 mg/dL).
Le ipoglicemie notturne, che possono scatenarsi durante il sonno, sono le più temute dalle persone con diabete e dai loro familiari, soprattutto per quanto riguarda i più piccoli.
Non è, infatti, facile accorgersi del loro manifestarsi: il 74% delle ipoglicemie asintomatiche si verifica di notte.
I sintomi rivelatori consistono in confusione, incubi, mal di testa o tachicardia durante la notte o al risveglio, ma sono difficilmente identificabili durante le ore del sonno.
La percezione di un episodio di ipoglicemia è molto soggettiva, per questo andrebbe accompagnato sempre da un controllo della glicemia. La si può sospettare, ad esempio, se la glicemia prima di colazione è bassa, e la si conferma attraverso test della glicemia effettuati a intervalli regolari durante la notte.
Può accadere anche che la presenza di sintomi accentuati facciano intuire un episodio grave che invece dal punto di vista clinico è lieve.
Grazie alla ricerca in campo farmacologico, l’adesione scrupolosa alla terapia con insulina e l’impiego del microinfusore possono essere di grande aiuto nel ridurre l’eventualità di ipoglicemie notturne per la cui gestione ti rimandiamo all’articolo scritto in precedenza.
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