Il diabete gestazionale è una forma di diabete che si sviluppa nelle donne in gravidanza.
Come per il diabete di tipo 1 e di tipo 2, anche nel caso del diabete gestazionale la donna incinta deve gestire con molta attenzione la malattia per evitare l’insorgere di complicanze 1 .
La presenza del diabete durante la gravidanza può infatti mettere a rischio il feto: il glucosio e i corpi chetonici presenti in quantità elevate possono attraversare la placenta e raggiungere il feto, provocando degli effetti negativi sulla sua crescita.
Se la patologia non è tenuta sotto controllo, anche nelle prime 7-8 settimane dopo il parto possono esservi complicazioni nello sviluppo degli organi e dello scheletro del neonato.
Alcune complicanze molto serie del diabete gestazionale sono la macrosomia (il bambino nasce più grosso del normale), l’ipoglicemia, la mortalità intrauterina (la morte del feto prima del parto), la sindrome da difficoltà respiratoria e il rischio che il bambino sviluppi il diabete. 1
Vi sono anche casi in cui il diabete si manifesta poco prima della gravidanza. Si tratta di una condizione di “diabete pregravidico” che è altrettanto rischiosa per il feto. L’alto livello di glicemia può infatti provocare nel neonato la comparsa di anomalie congenite del sistema cardiovascolare, del sistema nervoso o delle vie urinarie 1 .
Uno scarso controllo del diabete gestazionale mette il feto in condizioni di maggior rischio di complicanze rispetto a quanto accade per una donna non diabetica.
Per poter godere il periodo della gravidanza con serenità anche a seguito di una diagnosi di diabete gestazionale, bisogna mettere in atto tutti i comportamenti raccomandati dal medico per il benessere dell’organismo della madre e del bambino 2.
È quindi fondamentale per la futura mamma seguire una corretta gestione quotidiana del diabete, in base alla quale alcuni semplici gesti possono fare una grande differenza 2. Tra questi ricordiamo di:
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