Spesso il diabete tipo 2 non dà sintomi e a volte viene diagnosticato anni dopo la sua comparsa, con l’insorgenza delle complicanze a carico di piedi, cuore, occhi o denti.
Questo succede nel 72% dei casi, come emerge da uno studio dell’International Diabetes Federation (IDF). Lo studio è stato condotto in molti paesi di Europa, Africa, Asia e Sudamerica con l’obiettivo di capire quale è la consapevolezza diffusa della malattia.
Le complicanze del diabete sono tante e, come abbiamo visto, vanno ad impattare su vari organi: occhi, cuore, piedi, reni, salute orale. Il 94% delle persone intervistate ha dichiarato di soffrire una o due complicanze del diabete.
Il 55% degli intervistati dichiara di pensare alle complicanze con preoccupazione la maggior parte dei giorni.
Il rischio di sviluppare complicanze si riduce in maniera importante con una diagnosi precoce della malattia e una buona educazione terapeutica in grado di formare la persona con diabete a prendersi cura al meglio di sé.
I fattori di rischio che aumentano la possibilità di sviluppare il diabete tipo 2 sono molti: familiarità, peso, sedentarietà, etnia. Alcuni di questi sono fattori modificabili, e su questi bisogna concentrare la propria attenzione. È importante seguire una alimentazione sana e fare attività fisica per ridurre i rischi di sviluppare il diabete.
Proprio per favorire una diagnosi precoce del diabete sarebbe buona norma fare degli screening annuali (o almeno biennali) per la glicemia. Prevenire significa anche permettere al Sistema Sanitario di risparmiare notevolmente.
Il diabete tipo 2 infatti è una malattia inguaribile, che può essere curata bene con un’adeguata educazione terapeutica e grazie al lavoro congiunto di team di specialisti: endocrinologo, diabetologo, infermiere, podologo, nefrologo podologo…
Ecco un breve elenco delle complicanze del diabete:
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