L’uso di una calzatura non adeguata è la causa più diffusa di lesioni nel piede della persona con diabete. Indossare scarpe non idonee, soprattutto durante lo sport, mette maggiormente a rischio di subire traumi e sviluppare complicanze come il piede diabetico.
L’attività fisica è una pratica ampiamente consigliata per il benessere psicofisico del diabetico, ma deve essere svolta indossando le calzature più adeguate proprio per scongiurare la formazione di lesioni e l’insorgere di complicanze molto serie. Oltre alle indicazioni dell’esperto sul tipo di esercizio fisico da svolgere, sulla sua frequenza ed intensità, è bene quindi accertarsi di indossare le scarpe più adatte al proprio piede, preferibilmente dopo aver fatto una visita specialistica.
Un controllo effettuato da un podologo saprà infatti rilevare se la persona con diabete è a basso o ad alto rischio di piede diabetico. In caso di basso rischio potrà indossare scarpe da ginnastica comuni, seguendo sempre però i consigli sulla scelta giusta. I soggetti a più alto rischio, in cui siano presenti deformità o neuropatia, devono invece iniziare subito ad indossare scarpe su misura.
Ecco alcuni consigli per la scelta e l’utilizzo delle calzature:
– controllare le scarpe utilizzate (tipologia, adeguatezza, modello, fodera, cuciture, solette);
– controllare sempre la presenza di corpi estranei o cuciture fastidiose prima di indossarle;
– scegliere scarpe con pelle morbida, allacciatura regolabile e punta adeguata;
– preferire tessuti naturali capaci di conformarsi meglio alla forma del piede;
– preferire scarpe con suole antiscivolo e tacco basso per ridurre il rischio di cadute;
– preferire scarpe con i lacci per poter adeguare meglio la calzatura al piede;
– accertarsi che le scarpe non siano né troppo ampie né troppo strette;
– indossarle bene soprattutto nel tallone per prevenire frizioni;
– indossare le scarpe nuove per 20 minuti due volte al giorno e controllare poi i piedi, al fine di verificare che non creino lesioni.
In presenza di qualsiasi tipo di problema al piede, anche quello apparentemente più insignificante, come la callosità, è bene consultare degli specialisti che possano indicare le scarpe giuste da indossare e le pratiche quotidiane da mettere in atto per scongiurare lo sviluppo di complicanze.
Naturalmente, la prevenzione delle lesioni e del piede diabetico comincia dal controllo periodico della glicemia e dalla totale adesione alle indicazioni del medico sulla terapia, sulla dieta alimentare e sull’esercizio fisico. Insieme a tutto questo, per prevenire le complicanze è necessario svolgere le pratiche quotidiane per la cura e l’igiene dei piedi. Anche l’uso di prodotti specifici per la pelle del diabetico può aiutare a prevenire infezioni o curare eventuali ferite.
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